Anti-Cancer Effects of Ficus religiosa Plant Leaves

Ficus religiosa plant is an important medical plant and traditionally used to treat various diseases including mastitis, otitis media, pharyngolaryngitis, urethritis, dysmenorrhea and diabetis. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-tumour properties of Ficus religiosa leaves collected from Baghdad, Iraq.Test different extracts of Ficus religiosa plant (chloroform, butyl alcohol, absolute methanol and a crud aqueous extracts) to determine the cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. Then choose the best extract caused cancer cell inhibition to study chemosensitizing effect on cancer cell lines using sulforhodamine B assay. HPLC-DAD was used to determinate the active compounds in plant extract and study its ability for inhibition P-gp, EGFR, NrF2, Id1, Id2, Id3, Patch1 and Gli2 genes expression on PC3-TxR cells using RT-PCR and Western blot. Investigate the toxic effect of extract in vivo by determination of LD50 and evaluate anti-tumour (histopathologically and immunohistochemically for P-gp gene expression) in SCID mice. The results revealed that Ficus religiosa chloroform extract has anticancer activity against cancer cell in vivo and in vitro.