Leopardi's Nymphs

How can one make poetry in a disenchanted age? For Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837) this was the modern subject's most insolvable deadlock, after the Enlightenment's pitiless unveiling of truth. Still, in the poems written in 1828-29 between Pisa and the Marches, Leopardi manages to turn disillusion into a powerful source of inspiration, through an unprecedented balance between poetic lightness and philosophical density. The addressees of these cantos are two prematurely dead maidens bearing names of nymphs, and thus obliquely metamorphosed into the charmingly disquieting deities that in Greek lore brought knowledge and poetic speech through possession. The nymph, Camilletti argues, can be seen as the inspirational power allowing the utterance of a new kind of poetry, bridging antiquity and modernity, illusion and disenchantment, life and death. By reading Leopardi's poems in the light of Freudian psychoanalysis and of Aby Warburg's and Walter Benjamin's thought, Camilletti gives a ground-breaking interpretation of the way Leopardi negotiates the original fracture between poetry and philosophy that characterizes Western culture. Fabio Camilletti is Assistant Professor in Italian at the University of Warwick.